Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

As conservatives, liberals, and radicals debated issues of government, a new movement called nationalism was emerging. Nationalism is the belief that one 's greatest loyalty should not be toa king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. When the nation also had its own independent government, it became a nation-state. The region includes all or part of presentday Greece, Albania, Romania, and Turkey, and the former Yugoslavia.

Since the fall of the Roman empire, Italy had been divide into many city states. And while the nationalism destory empires, it also bulit nations. Italy was one of the country that form from the territory of crumbling empires.

Also it is like loyalty and devotion to one's nation or country, especially as above loyalty to other groups or to individual interests. And before the era of the nation-state, the primary allegiance of most people was to their immediate locality or religious groups.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revolutions

Simon Bolivar was born in July 24, 1783. He is born in Caracas, Venezuela. And also his parents die when he was still a child and he inherited the stuff from his father. When Simon Bolivar was in spain he met Maria Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa, and he got marry with her in 1802. But after he returned to Venezuela in 1803, Maria Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa die of the yellow fever. Because of her death, Simon Bolivar promise to never marry again.

Simon Bolivar was a South American political leader. Because he had successful won the independence for Latin American from Spain. Simon Bolivar, he the Liberator, he organized and led military forces, to free the northern protion century. But by 1827, due to personal rivalries among the generals of the revolution, civil wars exploded which destroyed the South American unity for which Bolívar had fought.

And also there is a country named after him.

John Locke and "The Enlightenment"

John Locke was an Oxford scholar, medical researcher and physician, political operative, economist and idealogue for a revolutionary movement, as well as being one of the great philosophers of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. He says that all the people has their right, all persons have equal rights, and that government is responsible to, and derives its powers from, a free people. According to the Declaration of Independence, they believe in that the mens could create equal, and the government is created among by men. The mens is to derving the power of the government. And people don't want that anymore, he is trying to refuse the laws. Everybody should have the equal rights, they don't want hight taxes any more.

The intellectual movement called "the enlightenment" is usually associated with the 18th century. In the 14th and 15th century there emerged in Italy and France a group of thinkers known as the "humanists." The term did not then have the anti-religious associations it ahs in contemporary political debate. Almost all of them were practicing Catholics.
Galileo Galilei, For instance, was to use the same sort of logic the schoolmen had used reinforced with observation to argue in 1632 for the copernican notion that the earth rotes on its axis beneath the unmoving sun. The Church, and most partcularly the Holy inquisition, objected that the bible clearly stted that the sun moved through the sky and denounced Galileo's teachings, forcing him to recant what he had written and preventing him from teaching further. The church's triumph was a pyrrhic victory, for though it culd silence Galileo, it could not prevent the advance of science.