Mikhail Gorbachev and the Collapse of Communism

Mikhail Gorbachev, he was born 1931, March 2. He was the seventh and last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991. Mikhail Gorbachev, he doesn't like communism, because he thinks that this is not equal, it's the same. So it look so unfair to some of the people, so he is trying to change what was happening. But he know that it wasn't going to be easy, because they don't know how the others like, capitalism, they had no idea how they work. But they change it, any way. And so now Russia is capitalism.

The Collapse of Communism

The collapse of commuism it's the fall of the communist, it happened between the 1989 and 1991, in the eastern Europe and Soviet Union, becasue the people started to degree with the communism system. And also the didn't want the bernlin wall, becasue everything is controling them, and they had no freedom, so they wanted a change.
And during those years, lots of different things happened, and the people were getting tired of this, so no one like communism. So it collapse in some of the country.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid is a system of legal the separation of different kinds of human race of daily life, that enforced by the government of South Africa, between the year 1948 to 1994. Under the right of the South Africa, by the whites were maintained.
Nelson Mandela, born in July 8, 1918. The president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. Before he was a president, he was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). Also he was in prison for 27 years, and release from prison on February 11, 1990. Mandela supported reconciliation and negotiation, and helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa. At the end, many praised Mandela, including former opponents. In South Africa he is known as Madiba. And he wrote many books, too. Such as "Long walk to freedom." After ralease form prison, he spent his time on his biography.

African Independence

In the late 19th century, European was taken control the African, and during many cause and effects, the African finially wanted their own independence.
Jomo Kenyatta, he is from Kenya, he was the president of Kenya during 1964–1978. And he is another leader of the independence. He created the organization which is called Mau Mau. It's like a group of people that is trying to make the British move out of the highland.

Film Lesson: "The Right Stuff"

The movie "The Right Stuff" is about the cold war between US and Russia, it was about the invention, it happened two years after the world war 2. The Russian invented a spaceship to sented up to the space, and when the US government found out about this, the government were trying to do something that is more better than the Russian, and then the US were trying to invent the ship that could carry mans up there, so they were looking for mans that are healthy, and they were making a lots of test, so at last, they found seven mans. They tryed to invent the ship, but they couldn't do it, their invention kept on fairing. And at last they sented a monkey up there, but the US still under the Russian, because the Russian sented a man up there, and they became the first country that a man had ever in space.

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO includes the countries in Europe and North America. The reason that the NATO is form because that the countries involved wanted a mutual defense alliance so that if one of them were attacked all of the other countries, NATO would come to help them. Warsaw Pact is mostly consisted the Soviet Union. The other name of Warsaw Pact is the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance.
The NATO were against the communist, and warsaw pact were communist, and so they were against each other.

Film Lesson: "Schindler's List"

Schindler, he is part of a Nazi, and he had a list of workers, during world war II the jews were made to move into the labor camp, and they have to work there. After years of working, in the camp, millions of Jews were kill by the Germans. And when it is coming to the end of the war, the Germans were trying to kill all the Jews, They tryed to burn the dead bodys, but it couldn't work out. And also Schindler, he doesn't want any of his people to be like this, and so he want all his people to work in his own factory, so then they don't have to die. So the people that had their name on the Schindler's list, would don't have to die, and he had around two train of people, but while traveling to the way there, the one with the womens in there went to the wrong way, the soilders were going to gas them, but then Schindler came here, and he save them all. When the war was over, Schindler, he free all his people, but those people had no where to go, so they went some where, and they form a new country, and they live there. After years later, Schindler die, and the people that Schindler free, came to Schindler's grave, and each person put a stone on his grave.

Film Lesson: "Night and Fog"

This movie is about the Holocaust, it was made in 1955, ten years after world war II, and the end of the labor camp. In the movie mostly it talk about the Nazi concentration camps, during world war II, the Jews were made to go into the camp, and lots of the people murder by the Germany's solider. And the movie "night and fog" were about 10 years after the camp, Alain Resnais the director of the flim went back to Auschwitz, to make this flim, and see all those things that after 10 years, but 10 years before lots of people were dead right there, and lots of them were under the ground, dead for many years, and lots of them were burned, they were gone forever. And now everthing is new, new grow plants.

The treaty of versailles (Ended WWI)

The treaty of versailles happened in Germany after the first world war. After that the Germany lost completely, they lost their lands, their army and their power. And they no longer have the right to do anything. And it really sound so unfire to the Germany people, because they look like they are useless.
And so we could see the anger of those people, so after lots of years, there is a person name Adolf Hitler, he came out and so that he could help Germany to be good again. And he could make Germany be the powerful country in the world, and you we don't have to get control by anybody, and listen to any others.
And he got the power from the people and he started World War II, he made the NAZI party, the Jew's. And he became the dictator, the leader of the Second world war.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the Modernization of Turkey

The Ottoman Empire and the modern Turkey started the modernization, by a guy Mustafa Kemal (aka: Ataturk). During that time, he were making lots of changing in Turkey, he ruled everything that they did, the way the dressed, the ways that they wear their hat. He boss those people to wear nice clothes, like suits, and other nice shoes, pants. Also the thing that he don't want them to do is the hat that they wear, during that time, the people were wearing a type of hat call Fez. But Mustafa Kemal didn't like the way that the hat looks, and he told the people not to wear them, because of that he thinks that the hat it's like a region, so he told the people not to wear it.

Film Lesson: "Gandhi"

Gandhi, his real name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, and his other name is Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu, means Great Soul. He is born in Porbandar, India, he was born in October 2, 1869, and die in January 30, 1948 at the age of 78. He is shot by a relious person, because of those people didn't like the way that he acted, so they kill him.
India was under the control by the British. In 1891, he studies laws in London, and return to India to pratice. In 1893, he went to work in South Africa for a year. At age of 15, he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement. He lead the campaign for Indian independence from Britain. And during that time, he were arrest for many times. But even so, his people were still wanting him to be out.

The Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution is the collective term for the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The Russian Revolution of 1917 is also called the Bolshevik Revolution or the October Revolution. In 1917 there were actually two revolutions in Russia. One was the February Revolution in which the Tsar abdicated his throne and the Provisional Government took power. The other was the October Revolution in which the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks.
During the Russian Revolution, the Russian got involted into World War I, and during that time, when they were fighting to the Germany, they were losing so badly, lots of the people were kill during the war.
Bolsheviks was the leader of the Russian Revolution, the reason that the revolution starts because of the people were tiredof the government so they wanted a change.

Cause Of WWI

World War I was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) against the Central Powers. The location were Europe, Africa and the Middle East (briefly in China and the Pacific Islands). It last for four years.
In the war of World War I, the side of the Allies, were made up of 27 states and those states are France, Britain, Italy, the United States, Rumania, Greece, Sebia and also Japan. Those countries were fought against the Central power, the countries are including Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria.