Mikhail Gorbachev and the Collapse of Communism

Mikhail Gorbachev, he was born 1931, March 2. He was the seventh and last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until 1991, and the last head of state of the USSR, serving from 1988 until its collapse in 1991. Mikhail Gorbachev, he doesn't like communism, because he thinks that this is not equal, it's the same. So it look so unfair to some of the people, so he is trying to change what was happening. But he know that it wasn't going to be easy, because they don't know how the others like, capitalism, they had no idea how they work. But they change it, any way. And so now Russia is capitalism.

The Collapse of Communism

The collapse of commuism it's the fall of the communist, it happened between the 1989 and 1991, in the eastern Europe and Soviet Union, becasue the people started to degree with the communism system. And also the didn't want the bernlin wall, becasue everything is controling them, and they had no freedom, so they wanted a change.
And during those years, lots of different things happened, and the people were getting tired of this, so no one like communism. So it collapse in some of the country.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid is a system of legal the separation of different kinds of human race of daily life, that enforced by the government of South Africa, between the year 1948 to 1994. Under the right of the South Africa, by the whites were maintained.
Nelson Mandela, born in July 8, 1918. The president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. Before he was a president, he was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). Also he was in prison for 27 years, and release from prison on February 11, 1990. Mandela supported reconciliation and negotiation, and helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa. At the end, many praised Mandela, including former opponents. In South Africa he is known as Madiba. And he wrote many books, too. Such as "Long walk to freedom." After ralease form prison, he spent his time on his biography.

African Independence

In the late 19th century, European was taken control the African, and during many cause and effects, the African finially wanted their own independence.
Jomo Kenyatta, he is from Kenya, he was the president of Kenya during 1964–1978. And he is another leader of the independence. He created the organization which is called Mau Mau. It's like a group of people that is trying to make the British move out of the highland.

Film Lesson: "The Right Stuff"

The movie "The Right Stuff" is about the cold war between US and Russia, it was about the invention, it happened two years after the world war 2. The Russian invented a spaceship to sented up to the space, and when the US government found out about this, the government were trying to do something that is more better than the Russian, and then the US were trying to invent the ship that could carry mans up there, so they were looking for mans that are healthy, and they were making a lots of test, so at last, they found seven mans. They tryed to invent the ship, but they couldn't do it, their invention kept on fairing. And at last they sented a monkey up there, but the US still under the Russian, because the Russian sented a man up there, and they became the first country that a man had ever in space.

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. NATO includes the countries in Europe and North America. The reason that the NATO is form because that the countries involved wanted a mutual defense alliance so that if one of them were attacked all of the other countries, NATO would come to help them. Warsaw Pact is mostly consisted the Soviet Union. The other name of Warsaw Pact is the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance.
The NATO were against the communist, and warsaw pact were communist, and so they were against each other.

Film Lesson: "Schindler's List"

Schindler, he is part of a Nazi, and he had a list of workers, during world war II the jews were made to move into the labor camp, and they have to work there. After years of working, in the camp, millions of Jews were kill by the Germans. And when it is coming to the end of the war, the Germans were trying to kill all the Jews, They tryed to burn the dead bodys, but it couldn't work out. And also Schindler, he doesn't want any of his people to be like this, and so he want all his people to work in his own factory, so then they don't have to die. So the people that had their name on the Schindler's list, would don't have to die, and he had around two train of people, but while traveling to the way there, the one with the womens in there went to the wrong way, the soilders were going to gas them, but then Schindler came here, and he save them all. When the war was over, Schindler, he free all his people, but those people had no where to go, so they went some where, and they form a new country, and they live there. After years later, Schindler die, and the people that Schindler free, came to Schindler's grave, and each person put a stone on his grave.

Film Lesson: "Night and Fog"

This movie is about the Holocaust, it was made in 1955, ten years after world war II, and the end of the labor camp. In the movie mostly it talk about the Nazi concentration camps, during world war II, the Jews were made to go into the camp, and lots of the people murder by the Germany's solider. And the movie "night and fog" were about 10 years after the camp, Alain Resnais the director of the flim went back to Auschwitz, to make this flim, and see all those things that after 10 years, but 10 years before lots of people were dead right there, and lots of them were under the ground, dead for many years, and lots of them were burned, they were gone forever. And now everthing is new, new grow plants.

The treaty of versailles (Ended WWI)

The treaty of versailles happened in Germany after the first world war. After that the Germany lost completely, they lost their lands, their army and their power. And they no longer have the right to do anything. And it really sound so unfire to the Germany people, because they look like they are useless.
And so we could see the anger of those people, so after lots of years, there is a person name Adolf Hitler, he came out and so that he could help Germany to be good again. And he could make Germany be the powerful country in the world, and you we don't have to get control by anybody, and listen to any others.
And he got the power from the people and he started World War II, he made the NAZI party, the Jew's. And he became the dictator, the leader of the Second world war.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the Modernization of Turkey

The Ottoman Empire and the modern Turkey started the modernization, by a guy Mustafa Kemal (aka: Ataturk). During that time, he were making lots of changing in Turkey, he ruled everything that they did, the way the dressed, the ways that they wear their hat. He boss those people to wear nice clothes, like suits, and other nice shoes, pants. Also the thing that he don't want them to do is the hat that they wear, during that time, the people were wearing a type of hat call Fez. But Mustafa Kemal didn't like the way that the hat looks, and he told the people not to wear them, because of that he thinks that the hat it's like a region, so he told the people not to wear it.

Film Lesson: "Gandhi"

Gandhi, his real name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, and his other name is Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu, means Great Soul. He is born in Porbandar, India, he was born in October 2, 1869, and die in January 30, 1948 at the age of 78. He is shot by a relious person, because of those people didn't like the way that he acted, so they kill him.
India was under the control by the British. In 1891, he studies laws in London, and return to India to pratice. In 1893, he went to work in South Africa for a year. At age of 15, he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement. He lead the campaign for Indian independence from Britain. And during that time, he were arrest for many times. But even so, his people were still wanting him to be out.

The Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution is the collective term for the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The Russian Revolution of 1917 is also called the Bolshevik Revolution or the October Revolution. In 1917 there were actually two revolutions in Russia. One was the February Revolution in which the Tsar abdicated his throne and the Provisional Government took power. The other was the October Revolution in which the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks.
During the Russian Revolution, the Russian got involted into World War I, and during that time, when they were fighting to the Germany, they were losing so badly, lots of the people were kill during the war.
Bolsheviks was the leader of the Russian Revolution, the reason that the revolution starts because of the people were tiredof the government so they wanted a change.

Cause Of WWI

World War I was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918 and involved most of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) against the Central Powers. The location were Europe, Africa and the Middle East (briefly in China and the Pacific Islands). It last for four years.
In the war of World War I, the side of the Allies, were made up of 27 states and those states are France, Britain, Italy, the United States, Rumania, Greece, Sebia and also Japan. Those countries were fought against the Central power, the countries are including Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria.

Opium Wars - Imperialism in China

The opium wars is also known as the Anglo-Chinese Wars, were the climax of trade disputes and diplomatic difficulties between China under Qing Dynasty and the British Empire after China sought to restrict British opium traffickers.

The opium wars were starting like this, during the time 1839, the British wanted to trade with the Chinese, and they went to talk to them, but then, the Chinese didn't felt like to trade with any other country, so they rejected the British. But they didn't felt so upset, and they give the chinese the opium for free. And so now the chinese are controling by those opium, so now they have to trade with the British. And so during that time, all the Chinese started to smoke, cause With nearly 2 million pounds of opium being sold in China each year, opium weakened a large amount of the Chinese population. 10 percent of the Chinese were smoking opium. This also affected China economically, due to the large amount of resources, especially silver, flowing out of the country to pay for the opium.

When the Chinese government discover that the British were selling opium in china, so they were thinking that this is really not good, so the Emperor Daoguang appointed Lin Tse-Hsua, an imperial commissioner, to lead an anti-opium campaign. So he wrote a letter to the Queen of England, but the letter didn't deliver to the Queen's hand, it went to the government of the British. And so they got so mad, by the letter. So then, in the year 1840, the war had began. And during the war, the chinese are not strong enought to fight the Englands, so then they lose.

Film Lesson: "Mountains of the Moon"

In the film "Mountains of the moon." There were two poeple from England John Edward Speak and , they were looking the source of the nile. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus was probably the first to compile and record the various theories of the river’s origins. According to Herodotus, the Ancient Egyptians believed that the Nile had its source in two great mountains within which were eternal springs. And because of no one had ever find this unknow river, so they sent these peopel to search for it.
They had went to the east african for two times, but for the first time, lots of people were kill by those people, but in there only 3 people surrive, but then, the cauptain's face was hurt by those people so he got a scarp on his face. And so they lost all the stuff, so they went back to England. To perpare everything again. Later on, they went back there again, but this time they were using lot more people, so they had start their jouney. At night, they have to sleep in those, because John Edward Speak didn't listen, so he got bugs in his ear.
They were looking for the unknow river, for day and day, and lots of month had past by, during that time, they had been throught lots of trobles, and at last they found it. But the guy didn't believe in Speak, So they went back to England, and Speak kill himself.

Imperialism Project

The project of the Imperialism, form this project I have learned a lot from this project, it is that all kinds of different colonies, like England are finding different ways to sail into the different country to get the natural resource from them. Like that England are finding ways to trade the things that they have with the countries like India, China, and Africa those countries, and like even more of them.

Karl Marx and Communism

Communism is a socioeconomic structure and political ideology that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general. And it is also described as "Revolutionary Proletarian Socialism" or "Marxism," is both a political and economic philosophy.

When Karl Marx saw that the workers are force to work 16 hours a day, and they only have 40 minutes for lunch, and even that they only get pay with so little money. So then Karl Marx thinks this is so not fair, he don't want to see this happen any more. And so he wanted a change, he believe in that the worker has the power to do the things that they wanted to do. So then he wanted communism to take over the world, he believe in that, if everybody could make the same amount of money, then they don't have to be so poor.

About Karl Marx 's communism, it didn't work so well either. Cause like all the people are working for different jobs, and even that they still get the same amount of money, but we know that jobs are different, some of them is easy, but some of them is lot more harder. So this is not fair for the people that are working of the factory. So even thought he wants the goods to the peoples, but everything is not that perfect.

Karl Marx and The Industrial Revolution

Karl Heinrich Marx, born in May 5, 1818, die in March 14, 1883. He was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist and recolutionary.
I think what Karl Heinrich Marx felt was like that all those workers had to work 16 hours a day, it is like this is so not fair to the workers, and they don't even have time to rest, the way that they work, it is just like killing them, and even that they just get so little money. Also working in the factory is dangous for the small children. And so this not what he wants to see, and he didn't expect that to happen. And he denfinly do not like this, because of usually the small children go to school, and they don't work. But this is the opposite, the ownner of the factory didn't care about this, if the children felt tired, and sleepy, those people is going to wipe them. The children have to work all day long, but they only have 40 minutes to eat for lunch, and after that they have to start work again. And so this is why he wanted to change, so then every could be equal.

Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

As conservatives, liberals, and radicals debated issues of government, a new movement called nationalism was emerging. Nationalism is the belief that one 's greatest loyalty should not be toa king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. When the nation also had its own independent government, it became a nation-state. The region includes all or part of presentday Greece, Albania, Romania, and Turkey, and the former Yugoslavia.

Since the fall of the Roman empire, Italy had been divide into many city states. And while the nationalism destory empires, it also bulit nations. Italy was one of the country that form from the territory of crumbling empires.

Also it is like loyalty and devotion to one's nation or country, especially as above loyalty to other groups or to individual interests. And before the era of the nation-state, the primary allegiance of most people was to their immediate locality or religious groups.

Simon Bolivar and Latin American Revolutions

Simon Bolivar was born in July 24, 1783. He is born in Caracas, Venezuela. And also his parents die when he was still a child and he inherited the stuff from his father. When Simon Bolivar was in spain he met Maria Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa, and he got marry with her in 1802. But after he returned to Venezuela in 1803, Maria Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa die of the yellow fever. Because of her death, Simon Bolivar promise to never marry again.

Simon Bolivar was a South American political leader. Because he had successful won the independence for Latin American from Spain. Simon Bolivar, he the Liberator, he organized and led military forces, to free the northern protion century. But by 1827, due to personal rivalries among the generals of the revolution, civil wars exploded which destroyed the South American unity for which Bolívar had fought.

And also there is a country named after him.